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	<title>Indiana Jones Archives - Traveling Archive</title>
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	<title>Indiana Jones Archives - Traveling Archive</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Maximize Your Time</title>
		<link>https://travelingboy.com/travel/maximize-your-time/</link>
					<comments>https://travelingboy.com/travel/maximize-your-time/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Raoul Pascual]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2023 13:40:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Raoul's TGIF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cell phone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[happy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indiana Jones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psych]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[therapy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://travelingboy.com/travel/?p=34241</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>For decades, serotonin supplement was the darling cure-all for a lot of health/mental issues but it has finally been exposed for several negative side-effects. (Pretty surprising that they are still selling the drug --- way to go big pharma!).</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel/maximize-your-time/">Maximize Your Time</a> appeared first on <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel">Traveling Archive</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5 class="has-text-align-right wp-block-heading">Raoul&#8217;s Two Cents<strong>:</strong> January 20, 2023</h5><h2 class="wp-block-heading">The Curse of Big Pharma</h2><p class="has-drop-cap">I just finished my Thursday counseling class and we discussed addictions and how many doctor prescriptions only exacerbate the problem. Unless you&#8217;re interested in psychology, just jump to the jokes below because I&#8217;m inspired to share what I&#8217;ve been learning.<br><br>For decades, serotonin supplement was the darling cure-all for a lot of health/mental issues but it has finally been exposed for several negative side-effects. (Pretty surprising that they are still selling the drug &#8212; <em>way to go big pharma!</em>).<br><br>My point is &#8212; we should be aware of the drug company&#8217;s machinery and why some (not all) doctors would rather prescribe pills than face the true symptoms of the health problem. <em>Pill popping</em> is the quick surface solution &#8212; it&#8217;s more convenient than having to sit down and uncover the patient&#8217;s history and how their problems started. Can you blame the doctor who only took one class about nutrients and learned the rest from the sales people of big pharma? It&#8217;s not surprising that many patients are never cured. It&#8217;s good for the doctor <em>(ka-ching!)</em> &#8230; bad for the patient <em>(kaput!).</em><br><br>Okay, okay, maybe I&#8217;m being an alarmist spewing conspiracy theories. Sorry but I wanted to throw it out because I&#8217;m concerned for one of my friends who was recently prescribed narcotics by his neurologist. If you know someone who is taking a lot of pills and yet shows no improvement, please consider my message. It might help lead you to a better solution.<br><br><strong>Unabashed Advertising</strong><br><br>This is why I attend classes at the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://tgifjoke.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=bf23c175d909b4efe05943dd5&amp;id=701e38517d&amp;e=b328284f7d" target="_blank">Truth in Love Biblical Training Center</a> (not to be confused with Christian Counseling). Professor Lamb calls himself a recovering psychologist because he had been a secular/clinical counselor for over 30 years but realized he was only giving band aid solutions to his patients who were not getting cured. There is no reason for patients to continue their sessions for the rest of their lives just to &#8220;feel good.&#8221; (Again, good for the doctor but bad for the patient). He realized that understanding who we really are (that we are worth a lot more than we know) and how much God loves us is key to true healing. And he backs all of this with timeless scripture. He has helped thousands of trauma victims who no longer need the crutches of a therapist. He is a leader in his field. He tackles very deep issues. In a world full of disinformation, where moralities are constantly changing, we believe truth can be found in God&#8217;s word &#8212; which has a lot more modern-day solutions than expected. But don&#8217;t take my word for it. Go to the website and see if this makes any sense.<br><br>Of course this is just me. Let me know if you disagree. TGIF people!<br><br><em>Raoul</em></p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Joke of the Week</h2><p>Thanks to Jose of Los Angeles</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="360" height="781" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Maximize.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34226" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Maximize.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Maximize-138x300.jpg 138w" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /><figcaption>Art by Raoul Pascual</figcaption></figure><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Parting Shots</h2><p>Thanks to Art of Sierra Madre, CA.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="360" height="396" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Scream-Art.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34227" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Scream-Art.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Scream-Art-273x300.jpg 273w" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><p>Indeed, to get up in the morning for some people is quite an adventure in itself.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="360" height="453" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Idiana-Art.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34229" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Idiana-Art.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Idiana-Art-238x300.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><p>More interesting than funny. Actually, pretty perceptive to think of real situations we face, now that we have cell phones.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="324" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PocketTelephone-Art.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34228" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PocketTelephone-Art.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PocketTelephone-Art-300x270.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><p>Thanks to Maling of New Manila, Philippines</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="683" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ABC-Maling.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34239" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ABC-Maling.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ABC-Maling-158x300.jpg 158w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /><figcaption>My friend, Maling, said his funeral service is tomorrow.</figcaption></figure><p>Thanks to Lee of Bakersfield, CA<br>This really made my day.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="410" height="480" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Smiling-Lee.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34231" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Smiling-Lee.jpg 410w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Smiling-Lee-256x300.jpg 256w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px" /></figure><p>Sounds very familiar.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="480" height="394" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Wife-Lee.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34230" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Wife-Lee.jpg 480w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Wife-Lee-300x246.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></figure><p>I found these</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="432" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/OwnMe.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34238" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/OwnMe.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/OwnMe-250x300.jpg 250w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="415" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PukeInMouth.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34237" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PukeInMouth.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PukeInMouth-260x300.jpg 260w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="428" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CoffeeTable.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34235" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CoffeeTable.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CoffeeTable-252x300.jpg 252w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="428" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Decision.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34233" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Decision.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Decision-252x300.jpg 252w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="428" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Perspective.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34236" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Perspective.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Perspective-252x300.jpg 252w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="428" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intimacy.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34234" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intimacy.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intimacy-252x300.jpg 252w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="360" height="433" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/procrastination.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-34232" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/procrastination.jpg 360w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/procrastination-249x300.jpg 249w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" /></figure><p>My good friend (and jokester) Terry and I came up with these.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="245" height="360" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/TBoy-121-112.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-34052"/></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="245" height="360" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/TBoy-121-116.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-34051"/></figure><p>The post <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel/maximize-your-time/">Maximize Your Time</a> appeared first on <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel">Traveling Archive</a>.</p>
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		<title>What Little I Knew: The Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu &#038; Incan Cities</title>
		<link>https://travelingboy.com/travel/what-little-i-knew-the-sacred-valleymachu-picchu-incan-cities/</link>
					<comments>https://travelingboy.com/travel/what-little-i-knew-the-sacred-valleymachu-picchu-incan-cities/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ed Boitano]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Aug 2022 11:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[World Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agustin Lizarraga]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Andean-Indian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aques Alientes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aques Calientes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Atahualpa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bingham]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[City of the Kings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ciudad de los Reys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hiayna Capac]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indiana Jones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Titicaca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lima la Gris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mextizo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pachacuti]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pachamamca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pizarro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-Columbian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roy Cahpman Andrews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sir Leonard Woolley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Torito de Pucara]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Urubamba Canyon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Urubamba River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wari]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://travelingboy.com/travel/?p=31895</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>After much speculation, it was determined that his discovery was none other than Machu Picchu ("old mountain" in Quechua, the ancient language of the Incas), and regarded as the estate of the Inca emperor Pachacuti. The location was chosen as a religious center due to its position in the mountains and its alignment with key astronomical elements important to the Incas. Still clouded in historical mystery, the inhabitants of Machu Picchu inhabited a vertical world, and their city is considered one of the planet's most beautiful ancient sites. Today it is one of the seven modern wonders of the world.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel/what-little-i-knew-the-sacred-valleymachu-picchu-incan-cities/">What Little I Knew: The Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu &#038; Incan Cities</a> appeared first on <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel">Traveling Archive</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5 class="wp-block-heading">By Ed Boitano<br></h5><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Machu-Picchu-850x491.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption>Built atop a mountain 7,970 feet above sea level, the ancient citadel city of Machu Picchu inhabited a vertical world, situated between the Peruvian Andes and the Amazon Basin. Photograph courtesy of Deb Roskamp.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="has-drop-cap">No one knows for sure who the Harrison Ford character was based upon in the <em>Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark</em> film franchise. George Lucas, the franchise’s producer, said that Indiana Jones was modeled after the heroes in 1930’s matinée serials. But he was also inspired by real archaeologists like Hiram Bingham, Roy Chapman Andrews and Sir Leonard Woolley.</p><p>But some do point to Hiram Bingham, an American historian and lecturer at Yale University, who journeyed high into the Peruvian Andes in search of <em>The Lost City of the Incas</em> in 1911. With the help of local Andean farmers, he was led to a site of monumental granite structures, terraces and temples covered by more than four centuries of lush jungle growth.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="650" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31923" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-768x512.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-850x567.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption>Believed to be constructed in 1450, Machu Picchu was abandoned when the Inca Empire was conquered by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. It was not until 1911 that the archaeological complex was made known to the outside world. Photograph: Eminent Domain.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Yet, others considered an earlier rediscovery of the citadel to Agustin Lizarraga, a tenant of Cusco homelands, who came to the ruins nine years before Bingham. Bingham dimished the account as untrue, believing Lizarraga would have left an inscription on one of the <em>Temple of the Three Windows</em>&#8216; wall as a form of authentication. But, some historical data suggests that Lizarraga&#8217;s markings might have been intentionally deleted. Like Machu Picchu, the history of its rediscovery is still shrouded in mystery today.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="649" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31924" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1-768x511.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1-850x566.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption>Machu Picchu had only one narrow entrance so that only a few warriors were needed for defense in the event of a surprise attack. <br>Photograph courtesy of <a href="https://www.machupicchu.org/machu_picchu_history.htm">Machu Picchu History &#8211; Machu Picchu</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>After much speculation, it was determined that his discovery was none other than Machu Picchu (<em>Old Mountain</em>&nbsp;in Quechua, the ancient language of the Incas), and regarded as the estate of the Inca emperor Pachacuti, the first Incan expansionistic emperor. The location was chosen as a religious center due to its position in the mountains and its alignment with key astronomical elements important to the Incas. Still clouded in historical mystery, Machu Picchu inhabited a vertical world with approximately 200 structures divided into a lower and upper part, separating the farming from residential areas. Today it is one of the Seven Modern Wonders of the World.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Lima: Peru&#8217;s Capital City</h2><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Pizarro-statue.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31899" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Pizarro-statue.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Pizarro-statue-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /></figure></div><p class="has-drop-cap">Lima was established by the much-despised Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro as the capital of New Spain. First coined <em>Ciudad de los Reys</em> (<em>City of the Kings), </em>it was constructed in a month when the skies were clear and the sun set on this new port town to ship back all the looted Incan gold and silver to Spain.  The joke was on Pizarro for the eventual moniker of <em>Lima la Gris (</em><em>the thick blanket of fog that covers the city for almost the entire year</em>) was a more apt description.</p><p>Today, with a population of 11,045,000 million people, Lima is a primarily a melting pot of Andean-Indian, Creole, Mestizo and recent immigrant people. To experience its unique history, cuisine, festive culture of music and dance, and pre-Colombian, Spanish colonial-style and modern architecture rates a trip of its own. </p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="576" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31925" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2-300x177.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2-768x454.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2-850x502.png 850w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2-413x244.png 413w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption>Festive dancing at The Plaza de Armas.&nbsp;Later, once the sun had set, it was not unusal to see groups of everyday couples waltzing in the coolness of the early evening. Photograph courtesy of <a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/8150716@N04">Miguel Vera León</a>&nbsp;via Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure></div><p>During the Colombian Exchange, the Spaniards introduced to Europe a selection of carefully cultivated  Incan tubular root samples, which would revolutionize the diet of virtually the entire world: THE POTATO.  For over 5,000 years, Andean farmers have been practioners in indigenous agricultural landscape management with terraces, ridges fields, water management, soil management and traditional agricultural tools, adapted to the ecosystems of the different Andean altitudes ranging from 8,200 to 16,400 ft.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="692" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31926" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3-300x213.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3-768x545.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3-104x74.png 104w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-3-850x603.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption>It is believed that wild tubers were first domesticated around 8,000 years ago by farmers who lived on the high plains and mountain slopes near Lake Titicaca, which borders modern-day Bolivia and Peru. The tubers grew well in the cold, harsh climate and quickly took root as a centerpiece around which life revolved.   <em>Photograph courtesy of Alex Brouwer</em>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Like Mexico, Peru has been noted for its contributions to global cuisine. With apologies to xenophobic Euro-American U.S. citizens, our diets have been endowed by not just potatoes, but also by beans, maze, squash, tomatoes, avocados, chili peppers and the very traditional Turkey Fowl – all from the New World.</p><p>Accommodations were at the luxurious Casa Andina Private Collection Miraflores, well situated in Lima&#8217;s high-end beach community of Miraflores. I was in no hurry leave such a vibrant city, but knew the next day I would board a plane for Cusco, the capital of the Incan Empire.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Capac_Pizarro.jpg" alt="This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Capac_Pizarro.jpg"/><figcaption>Inca emperor Huayna Capac; Right: Francisco Pizarro González. Photos courtesy of National Geographic.</figcaption></figure></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Inca Emperor Huayna Capac and Pizarro &amp; the Conquistadors</h2><p class="has-drop-cap">The adored Inca emperor Huayna Capac died from European diseases without actually having met a Spaniard. In 1532, he was afflicted by an Incan runner who had passed it on to him after his own affliction upon meeting a group of conquistadors. Today, many speak of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) as an unparalyzed period in human history. Yet, the continents of the Americas were virtually emptied of native inhabitants – some academics estimate that approximately 95% (20 million) of the population – may have died following the European invasion from diseases in which they had no immunity.</p><p>At the height of his power, the Inca Empire controlled all of the western part of South America between what is today Ecuador and Chile. Before Capac&#8217;s death he divided the empire in half, leaving it to his two jealous sons, Atahualpa and Huáscar. Both men wanted to be sole emperor, and a civil war broke out among the Incas.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SacredValley.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31901" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SacredValley.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SacredValley-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /><figcaption>The sweeping beauty of The Sacred Valley. Photograph courtesy of Deb Roskamp.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Pizarro and his force of just 168-men, one-cannon and 27-horses arrived at the right time and at the right place. Divide and conquer was their age-old theme. They sided with Atahualpa, who was already close to defeating Huáscar. After Atahualpa&#8217;s victory, the Spaniards turned on Atahualpa, holding him for ransom with the return of a room filled with gold and silver. After the Incas fulfilled their end of the bargain, the Spanish continued with their plan and murdered Atahualpa anyway. They also took the wives of Incan royalty as their mistresses. The remaining Incan people who had not died from disease or battle were used as slaves, transporting the spoils of victory to Lima.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Birth of the Incas &#8211; Never Let the Truth Ruin a Good Story</h2><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="650" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-7.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31932" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-7.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-7-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-7-768x512.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-7-850x567.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption><em>Today, around 4,000 people still live on floating reed islands on Lake Titicaca, many of which host tourists year-round. Here a boat carries reeds for the constant work of replacing the floor of their island homes. <em>Photograph courtesy of Alex Brouwer</em>.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>With no written language – using knots in ropes as a form of rudimentary communication – the Incas led Spanish historians to believe that Lake Titicaca was the cradle of civilization. And the Sun God had sent his son and daughter from the waters with the command of finding a location which would constitute the centerpiece of the mighty Inca Empire. They carried a sacred golden staff on a long quest to a place where the staff would be able to sink into the rocky soil.</p><figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" data-id="31897" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CuscoBuilding.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31897" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CuscoBuilding.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CuscoBuilding-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /><figcaption>Spanish colonial-style architecture in Cusco. When earthquakes struct Peru,many crumbled, yet Inca structures remained.</figcaption></figure>

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="650" data-id="31931" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-6.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31931" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-6.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-6-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-6-768x512.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-6-850x567.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption>Citizens on the streets of Cusco. Photograph by Dev Roskamp.</figcaption></figure></figure><p>This trek led to the founding of Cusco – <em>the navel of the world</em> –  and the new Inca Empire was established. Truth be told, the Inca Empire lasted only 100 years, and was built upon the remnants of previous empires, most notably the 500-year-long expansionistic Wari Empire, which is believed to have collapsed due to politcal infighting and severe droughts. </p><p>The Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a massive empire. Their organic use of stone, which were fitted together without mortar to form walls, are still standing today, while numerous Spanish colonial-style structures crumbled, succumbing to the area&#8217;s many earthquakes. Countless architects have been influenced by the Inca&#8217;s intricate and painstaking work on their stone walls, including the esteemed Frank Lloyd Wright.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Weaving.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31903" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Weaving.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Weaving-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /><figcaption>A weaving demonstration in the Sacred Valley. Photograph by Deb Roskamp.</figcaption></figure></div><p>With Cusco situated in the Sacred Valley, it was easy to be mesmerized by weaving demonstrations, river rafting on the Urubamba River, visiting a llama ranch, an Ollantaytambo town ruins tour and witnessing  Andean farms and terraces built by the Incas over 500 years ago.</p><p>With the advent of oxen, introduced by the Spanish, no longer would the pre-Columbian populace have to use human strength in dragging their stones and materials. What I enjoyed the most were the little Andean farms, still using  to pull their ploughs on terraces built by the Incas over 500 years ago. </p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="975" height="650" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31933" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-8.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-8-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-8-768x512.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-8-850x567.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px" /><figcaption><em>A local artisan from Quinoa showing us her work.&nbsp;</em><em>Photograph courtesy of Alex Brouwer</em>.</figcaption></figure><p>I noticed many ceramic oxen decorations, known as <em>Torito de Pucara</em>, placed on rooftops to bring good luck, crops and livestock fertility, and prosperity. It was like watching living history.</p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-9.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31934" width="840" height="560" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-9.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-9-300x200.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-9-768x512.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-9-850x567.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" /><figcaption><em>The typical greeting on the Island of Taquile on Lake Titicaca is the exchange of coca leaves, not shaking hands.  </em><em>Photograph courtesy of Alex Brouwer</em>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>As a gateway city to Machu Picchu, Cusco is a major tourist destination and receives almost two-million visitors a year. Stand warned – it is beyond touristic with hungry merchants anxious to sell you their wares. With the elevation of 11,200 feet, I was a little worried about altitude sickness. So, along with my Wari and Incan guides, I sucked (not chewed) on coca leaves and which seemed to do the trick. Plus, no seemed to notice my chipmunk bloated cheeks, that is except my photographer, Deb Roskamp.<br><strong>For more:</strong> <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.cuscoperu.com/en/useful-information/data-for-traveler/the-coca-leaf-and-its-importance-in-the-inca-culture" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.cuscoperu.com/en/useful-information/data-for-traveler/the-coca-leaf-and-its-importance-in-the-inca-culture" target="_blank">The Coca leaf and its Importance in the Inca Culture | CuscoPeru.com</a></p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/guardHouse.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31898" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/guardHouse.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/guardHouse-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /></figure></div><p>Getting to Machu Picchu from the Sacred Valley is a breathtaking journey through a changing landscape with a bus ride to a glass-domed train trip to the Amazonian city of Agues Calientes and then another fun, but bumpy bus ride up to the gate of Machu Picchu .</p><p>Nothing prepared me for the beauty of this ancient site as I stood at the guardhouse that ends the Inca Trail and overlooks the site – the same view that the Incas would see when entering Machu Picchu. It is something that everyone needs to experience at least once in a lifetime.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Modern Myth</h2><p>Did the Inca civilization know about the wheel? Yes, but they rarely used it, due to the mountainous terrain and lack of sturdy beasts of burden. The wheel, though, was used for weaving methods and children&#8217;s toys.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Where I Stayed</h2><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="369" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SolYluna.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31902" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SolYluna.jpg 551w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SolYluna-300x201.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /></figure></div><p><strong>Sol y Luna Resort</strong> is more than a collection of private casitas in the Sacred Valley; it is a sacred experience unto itself. Surrounded by lush vegetation with the stunning Andean Mountains as a backdrop, it is like staying at your own private Shangri-La, yet also serving as a pre-Colombian destination with group offerings. Attractions featured a traditional <em>Pachamanca </em>(Quechua: <em>earth, pacha; pot, manca)</em> dinner – much like a Hawaiian <em>luau</em> – with potatoes and guinea pig (<em>cuy</em>; pronounced: <em>kwee)</em>, served whole, head included. Events also included a Peruvian cooking demonstration, a seminar devoted to the Pisco Sour (blending pisco, a grape brandy produced in wine making regions of Chile and Peru, with lime juice, egg white and Angostura bitters dissolved in alcohol). For teetotalers, <em>chicha</em> (the main beverage of the Incas, made from a variety of maize) was served at most meals. All this with folkloric Andean dancing in the foreground. </p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-10.png" alt="" class="wp-image-31935" width="838" height="515" srcset="https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-10.png 975w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-10-300x185.png 300w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-10-768x473.png 768w, https://travelingboy.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-10-850x523.png 850w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px" /><figcaption><em>The Andes transforming into a world of green during raining season. Photograph courtesy of Alex Brouwer</em>.</figcaption></figure><h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Coronavirus updates and travel restrictions to entering Peru</strong></h2><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Peru Travel restrictions, updated on August 4th, 2022.</h3><p>The latest travel restrictions for Peru are that all travelers must be fully vaccinated or have a negative COVID-19 test result within 48 hours of their flight. They must also complete a Health Declaration form before arriving in the country.</p><p><a href="https://www.peru.travel/en">Official Tourism Website of Peru | Peru Travel</a></p><p><a href="http://www.raisingmiro.com/2012/04/23/4000-types-of-potatoes-in-peru/">4000 Types Of Potatoes In Peru</a></p><p>The post <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel/what-little-i-knew-the-sacred-valleymachu-picchu-incan-cities/">What Little I Knew: The Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu &#038; Incan Cities</a> appeared first on <a href="https://travelingboy.com/travel">Traveling Archive</a>.</p>
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