Joanne Woodward in "Rachel, Rachel" (1968). Courtesy IMDB.com

Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward was born on February 27, 1930, in Thomasville, Georgia, a typical small town in southern Georgia, around ten miles from the Florida border. Growing up in a modest home during the Great Depression, her mother frequently took her to the movies. In her teens, Woodward won many Georgia beauty contests, and enrolled in Louisiana State University, majoring in drama. After graduation and doing small plays, Joanne headed to New York and studied acting.

Soon, Joanne was starring in television productions and theater. One day, she was introduced to another young actor at her level by the then-unknown name of Paul Newman. Paul's first reaction was, "Jeez, what an extraordinarily pretty girl". Joanne, while admitting that he was very good-looking, didn't like him at first sight, but she couldn't resist him. Soon they were working closely together as understudies for the Broadway production of "Picnic." Paul married Joanne in Las Vegas on January 29, 1958, just months before Joanne won her Best Actress Oscar for The Three Faces of Eve (1957).

They both continued on with their careers, doing movies both together and apart, with Newman occasionally sliding into the director's chair, directing her in four films and one TV movie. Woodward, widowed since 2008, makes her home in Westport, Connecticut, where she and Newman raised their daughters and devotes her time to charities.

Paul Newman directing Christopher Plummer and Joanne Woodward in the TV movie "The Shadow Box." Courtesy IMDB.com

Newman & Woodward Filmography

• Rachel, Rachel (1968)
• The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972)
• The Shadow Box (1980) TV Movie
• Harry and Son (1984) Woodward in smaller role as Lily
• The Glass Menagerie (1987)

Frances Louise McDormand was born on June 23, 1957, in Gibson City, Illinois. Where she was adopted by Canadian-born parents. She earned a BA in theater from Bethany College in 1979 and an MFA from Yale University in 1982. Her career after graduation began onstage, and she has retained her association with the theater throughout her career. She soon obtained prominent roles in movies as well, first starring in Blood Simple (1984), in which she worked with future husband and filmmaker Joel Coen, whom she married that year. She frequently collaborated with Joel and his brother, Ethan Coen as writer, later co-director.

McDormand's skilled and versatile acting has been recognized by both the critics and the Academy, and in addition to many critics' awards, she has been nominated for an Academy Award six times - Supporting in Mississippi Burning (1988), Almost Famous (2000), and North Country (2005), - and winning the Best Actress Oscar in the lead role in Fargo (1996), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), and Nomadland (2020). She also won a Best Picture Oscar as co-producer of Nomadland. Keenly intelligent and possessed of a sharp wit, McDormand is the antithesis of the Hollywood starlet - rather than making every role about Frances McDormand, she dissolves into the characters she plays.

Frances McDormand and Joel Coen. Courtesy IMDB.com

Frances McDormand and Joel Coen Filmography

• The Tragedy of Macbeth (2021)
• Hail, Caesar! (2016) Co-director Ethan Coen
• Burn After Reading (2008) Co-director Ethan Coen
• The Man Who Wasn't There (2001)
• Fargo (1996) Co-director Ethan Coen
• The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
• Raising Arizona (1987)
• Blood Simple (1984)
• 1991 Barton Fink, Stage Actress (voice, uncredited)
• 1990 Miller's Crossing, Mayor's Secretary (uncredited)

Gena Rowlands as Mabel Longhetti in John Cassavetes "A Woman Under the Influence." Courtesy IMDB.com

Virginia Cathryn "Gena" Rowlands is an American film, stage, and television actress, born June 19, 1930 in Cambria, Wisconsin. Her father was of Welsh descent, her mother with English ancestry. Her career in the entertainment industry has spanned over six decades. A four-time Emmy and two-time Golden Globe winner, she is known for her collaborations with director John Cassavetes in seven films. Earlier she had moved to New York City to study drama at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where the do-eyed beauty met actor Cassavetes when they were both students. In 1962, Rowlands co-stared with Kirk Douglas as his former lover in her breakout performance in Lonely Are the Brave.

Rowlands and Cassavetes married on April 9, 1954, which lasted until his death on February 3, 1989. They had three children, all actor-directors: Nick, Alexandra, and Zoe. She's also acted beside her husband in the non-Cassavetes directed films: Machine Gun McCain (1969),Two-Minute Warning (1976) and Tempest) (1982), directed by Paul Mazursky. The T-Boy Society of Film and Music recently selected Rowlands for her role as a woman suffering from mental issue in Cassavetes' A Woman Under the Influence as the greatest lead performance in film history. In 2021, The New Yorker stated, The most important and original movie actor of the past half century-plus is Gena Rowlands.

Director John Cassavetes shooting Gena" Rowlands in "A Woman Under the Influence." Photo by Sam Shaw Inc./Le Figaro.

• Love Streams (1984)
• Gloria (1984)
• Opening Night (1984)
• A Woman Under the Influence 1984
• Minnie and Moskowitz 1984
• Faces 1984
• A Child Is Waiting (1963)
• (uncredited) role in Shadows as Woman in Nightclub Audience

Rita Hayworth was born Margarita Carmen Cansino on October 17, 1918, in Brooklyn, New York, into a family of dancers. Her father was from Spain, while her mother was of mostly Irish descent. Rita studied as a dancer in order to follow in her family's footsteps, joining then on stage when she was eight years old, followed by appearing with them in her first film, La Fiesta (1926). The famous red hair was not her natural color (which was brunette). When she was signed a studio contract at Columbia Pictures, studio head Harry Cohn changed her surname to Hayworth and raised her hairline by electrolysis, where she underwent years of painful electrolysis to make it higher. She cemented her image as the definite femme fatale in Gilda, a 1946 film noir directed by Charles Vidor and photographed by Rudolph Maté.

Hayworth married iconic film director Orson Welles in 1943 (divorced in 1948).

Welles cast Hayworth in his landmark film, The Lady from Shanghai. He decided to have her hair cut and bleached, which caused a storm of controversy with many believing it contributed to the film's poor box-office. Today, the film is regarded as a towering cinematic masterpiece. Its hall of mirrors scene among many of the film's highpoints. Welles once revealed that Hayworth detested her father because she suffered from merciless beatings and sexual abuse.

Monica Vitti. Courtesy IMDB.com

Monica Vitti was born on November 3, 1931 in Rome, Lazio, Italy as Maria Luisa Ceciarelli. She is an actress best known for her work with film director and husband, Michelangelo Antonioni in his early-to-mid 1960s films. In 1957 she joined Antonioni's Teatro Nuovo di Milano and dubbed the voice of Dorian Gray in the director'sIl Grido (1957). She played a leading role in Antonioni's internationally praised film L'Avventura (1960), and is also credited with helping Antonioni raise money for the production and sticking with him through daunting location shooting. L'Avventura made Vitti an international star, where her image later appeared on an Italian postage stamp commemorating the film. After working with Antonioni, Vitti changed focus and began making comedies, working with director Mario Monicelli on many films. She has appeared with Marcello Mastroianni, Alain Delon, Richard Harris, Terence Stamp, Michael Caine, and Dirk Bogarde.
Michelangelo Antonioni and Monica Vitti on the set of "Red Desert" (1964). Courtesy IMDB.com

Michelangelo Antonioni and Monica Vitti Filmography

• The Mystery of Oberwald (1980)
• Red Desert (1964)
• L'Eclisse (1962)
• La Notte (1961)
• L'Avventura (1960)

Federico Fellini and Giuletta Masina in Venice. Courtesy: IMDB.Com

Giulietta Masina (1921–1994) was born in San Giorgio di Piano, Italy, and spent part of her teenage years living in Rome, where she cultivated a passion for the theater and studied for a degree in philosophy. She began her career with popular radio shows with scripts written by Fellini. The following year she married Fellini and became the inspirational muse for many of his films.

Giuletta Masina in Nights of Cabiria. Courtesy: IMDB.Com.

In Fellini’s 1950’s period, he was influenced by Charles Chaplin and the director’s theme of the road. In a sense, Giuletta Masina played Chaplin’s Little Tramp in La Strada (1954) and Nights of Cabiria (1957). Both films won Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. Fellini described the two films as having been "inspired" by Masina's "humanity."

Federico Fellini & Giulietta Masina Filmography

• Variety Lights (1950) Co-directed with Alberto Lattuada.
• The White Sheik (1952)
• La Strada (1954)
• Il Bidone (1955)
• Nights of Cabiria (1957)
• Juliet of the Spirits (1965)
• Ginger and Fred (1986)

Hanne Karin Bayer (1940–2019) was born in Denmark, and at age seventeen hitchhiked to Paris and learned French by going to the movies. She soon met Coco Chanel and Pierre Cardin and became a popular model. Upon her meeting with Godard she decided to focus on screen acting and ended up appearing in seven features and one short sketch film by him. Fluent in five languages: French, Danish, English, Swedish and Italian, she has worked with the film directors Agnès Varda, Jacques Rivette, George Stevens, Volker Schlöndorff, George Cukor and Rainer Werner Fassbinder.

"A whole book could also be written about the evolution of Karina’s close-ups in Godard’s films—how they go from fascination, to observation, to careful adoration and finally to nostalgia. But her relation to the camera also changes, as the relationship with the man behind it does—from shyness to content comfort in front of it, from sensuality to coldness, from ignoring it to commanding it. The exchange of looks mediated by the camera is varied and extremely nuanced. – Miranda Popkey, the hairpin."

Jean-Luc Godard & Anna Karina Filmography

• Le Petit Soldat (1961)
• A Woman Is a Woman (1961)
• Vivre Sa Vie (1962)
• Band of Outsiders (1964)
• Alphaville (1965)
• Pierrot le Fou (1965)
• Made in U.S.A (1966)
• The Oldest Profession (1967) Sketch film.

Charles Chaplin and third wife, Paulette Goddard. Courtesy: IMDB.com

Paulette Goddard met Iconic director, writer and actor Charles Chaplin in 1932. Goddard mesmerized Chaplin with her stunning natural beauty and soon they became an item in Hollywood. They secretly married the first week in June, 1936, in Canton, China, while on a world cruise. He eventual said, "I am writing a screen play for you, and its title is Modern Times.

Marion Goddard Levy (1910–1990) was born in Whitestone Landing, New York. She began to model for local department stores before she made her debut with Florenz Ziegfeld's Follies at the age of 13, where she gained fame as the girl on the crescent moon. She moved to Hollywood at age sixteen, and appeared in small film roles. Goddard was still working for less than $100 a week as a chorus girl for the Goldwyn Studios. Chaplin was true to his word, and cast her in Modern Times (1936), which was a big hit, but her movie career was not going anywhere because of her relationship with the controversial Chaplin. They made a second film in 1940 together, The Great Dictator; Chaplin’s first complete sound film.

Paulette Goddard in Modern Times. Courtesy: IMDB.Com.

Chaplin then cast Goddard in the leading female role in his first all-sound, all talkie film, The Great Dictator (1940.) He named her character after his mother, Hannah, where she played a cleaner. He insisted that she scrub the floor of the whole set only for her to refuse. Chaplin stopped filming until she agreed to do so. Their relationship was already on the rocks, and the couple split shortly after the 1940 premiere of their film. Goddard obtained a quickie divorce in Mexico and allegedly received a handsome settlement. The 54-year-old Chapin married wife number four, 18-year-old Oona O'Neill, daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill, while Goddard’s husband number three was actor Burgess Meredith.

Charles Chaplin & Paulette Goddard Filmography

• Modern Times (1936)
• The Great Dictator (1940)

Stéphane Audran and husband, director & gourmet chef Claude Chabrol in the kitchen. Courtesy: IMDB.Com

Stéphane Audran was the very essence of Parisian chic during the Nouvelle Vague. Courtesy: IMDB.Com

While Stéphane Audran is best known for her performances in films by Chabrol, she also appeared in Luis Buñuel’s Academy Award winning, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie  (1972); Samuel Fuller’s The Big Red One (1980) and Babette’s Feast (1987), the first Danish movie to win an Academy Award for best foreign language film. She died at the age of 85 on March 27, 2018 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France.

Roberto Rossellini and Ingrid Bergman at Cannes Film Festival. Courtesy: IMDB.Com

Ingrid Bergman was born on August 29, 1915 in Stockholm, Sweden, to a German mother who died when she was only two, and a Swedish father that passed away when she was twelve. After finishing formal schooling, she enrolled at the Royal Dramatic Theatre School in Stockholm but decided that screen acting was her passion. In 1936, Bergman appeared in the Swedish film, Intermezzo, which caught the eye of American producer David O. Selznick, who signed her to a contract. She moved to California and reprised her original role in an English language remake of Intermezzo (1939). The film was a hit and so was Bergman.

Her beauty was infectious and her acting and attention to craft indicated to moviegoers that her films represented a tradition of quality. Her impressive performances and awards were seemingly endless, appearing in Casablanca (1942), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), an Oscar-winning performance in George Cukor’s Gaslight (1944), and three films by Alfred Hitchcock. But it was her portrayal of a nun in Leo McCarey’s The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) and title role in Joan of Arc (1948) that cemented her off-screen image to the public as a moralistic, saint-like character which she played on the screen. But that was before Rossellini.

Ingrid Bergman as displaced war victim in Roberto Rossellini’s Stromboli. Courtesy: IMDB.Com

Bergman was denounced in the press, in pulpits, and even in the Senate; local officials called for boycotts on all of her films, and it was beside the point whether she was persona non grata in Hollywood, because she had no intention, at the time, of working in Hollywood again.

Together, Bergman and Rossellini made six films that are works of both sociopolitical concern and metaphysical melodrama, each starring Bergman as a woman experiencing physical dislocation and psychic torment in post-World War Two Italy.

In 1957 they divorced, partly due to Rossellini not wanting her to work with any director other than himself, which caused trouble in their work together and marriage. Plus, Rossellini had an extramarital affair with the Indian screenwriter Sonali Senroy DasGupta whom he later married. Ingrid continued to make films in Italy and finally returned to the English-speaking world in the title role in Anastasia (1956) to applause and forgiveness, and winning her second Academy Award. She continued to bounce back and forth from Europe and Hollywood, culminating in her final big-screen performance in 1978's Swedish film Autumn Sonata, directed by fellow Swede Ingmar Bergman, where she received her final Academy Award nomination. Ingrid Bergman died from cancer in 1982 on her 67th birthday.

Roberto Rossellini & Ingrid Bergman Filmography

• Stromboli (1950)
• Europe '51 (1952)
• We, the Women (1953)
• Joan of Arc at the Stake (1954)
• Fear (1954)
• Journey to Italy (1954)

Soccer is the most popular spectator sport

List of the World’s most popular spectator sports :

1. Soccer: 4 Billion
2. Cricket: 2.5 Billion
3. Hockey: 2 Billion
4. Tennis: I Billion
5. Baseball: 500 Million

Canada liberated the Netherlands in 1945.

Canadian Scottish Regiment troops posing with liberated Dutch children (1945). Courtesy Private Floyd Watkins via Wikimedia Commons

Today, Canada is fondly remembered by the Dutch for ending their oppression under the Nazis.

An estimated 301,000 Dutch people died during the Second World War, including at least 280,000 civilians. Approximately 104,000 were victims of the Holocaust. Another 20,000 died of famine-related causes.

Dutch civilians celebrating the liberation of Utrecht by the Canadian Army.Commons Courtesy Alexander Mackenzie Stirton, Canadian Department of National Defense,

Stuart Sutcliffe was the fifth Beatle

The Fifth Beatle would be the person who was quite literally the Fifth person in the band, and that person was Stuart Sutcliffe. Pete Best once said, “Lots of people have laid claim to being the Fifth Beatle. I was the fourth…”

Stuart Sutcliffe was a member of the legendary band as the original bass guitarist, constituting the status as the Fifth Beatle.

Stuart Sutcliffe was born in Edinburgh Scotland in 1940, but his family moved to England shortly after. He happened to meet John Lennon at the Liverpool College of Art when he was introduced by a mutual friend. The three of them were all studying at the school, and Sutcliffe was noted as a brilliant painter.

When he was kicked out of his flat, Sutcliffe moved into a rundown area in Liverpool, where John Lennon moved in with him. Sutcliffe got involved with the Beatles when Lennon and McCartney convinced him to buy a bass guitar. Sutcliffe is credited along with Lennon for coming up with the band’s original name, the Beetles, inspired by Buddy Holly’s band, the Crickets.

Stuart Sutcliffe began playing gigs with the Beatles in Hamburg, which is where he met his fiance, German photographer and artist Astrid Kirchherr (May 1938 – May 2020. Together they are considered the originator of the Beatle haircut. Love Me Tender was reportedly Stuart Sutcliffe’s signature song. Apparently when he sang it, he received more cheers from the crowd than the other Beatles.

FALSE! Constitution Day was established in 1787

In 1940, Congress and the President FDR passed a resolution creating “I Am an American Day,” observed on the third Sunday in May. In 1952, the holiday was renamed to “Constitution Day” and moved to September 17, the day in 1787 that the Constitution was signed. Constitution Day and Citizenship Day is a single celebration that commemorates the formation and signing of the US Constitution while also recognizing both naturalized citizens and those born in the US. It's a day to learn about these subjects, as well as a day many people become naturalized citizens in group ceremonies. (On average, about 700,000 people become US citizens every year.)

The John Ford Calvary Trilogy consisted of Fort Apache, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon and Rio Grande.
Photo from the film ‘’Rio Grande’’ with John Wayne and Maureen O’Hara. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

John Ford is, arguably, The Great American Director. When Orson Welles, who repeatedly screened Ford's Stagecoach (1939) as a crash course in filmmaking before helming his first film, Citizen Kane (1941), was asked who his three favorite directors were, he answered, "John Ford, John Ford, and John Ford." Along with D.W. Griffith, who created the visual language of film used today, Ford came of age when movie production began shifting from its New York-New Jersey base to California in the second decade of the 20th Century He is considered an artist who helped define what America was on the screen. Ford's cinematic art is as much a part of Americana as a Frederic Remington painting of the Old West, a subject both portrayed in their respective artforms.